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-
- BINHEX
-
- Use the BINHEX command to work with Macintosh files containing binary data
- which are stored in CMS. BINHEX may be used with HQX files, such as those
- created by BinHex 4.0 on the Macintosh, and also with BIN files, such as those
- created by BinHex 5.0. BINHEX checks files in these formats, describes the
- contents of the files, and converts between the two formats.
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- The format of the BINHEX command is:
-
- ┌──────────╛──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
- │ │ │
- │ BINHEX │ ? | Check | Describe | COnvert fn <ft <fm >> [(options...[)]] │
- │ │ │
- │ │ Options: │
- │ │ ┌ ┐ ┌ ┐ ┌ ┐ │
- │ │ │To fm │ │Stack │ │Fifo │ │
- │ │ │Rate cps │ │Lifo │ │STEm stm │ │
- │ │ └ ┘ └ ┘ └ ┘ │
- │ │ │
- └──────────╩──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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-
- OPERANDS
-
- ? causes BINHEX to type a brief description of the command format,
- including all the valid operands and options. When "?" is specified,
- the remainder of the command line is ignored.
-
- Check cause BINHEX to check the input file for errors, such as missing or
- corrupted data. BINHEX will either report there are no errors, or
- respond with an error message describing the problem. BINHEX also
- checks the input file when the Describe or COnvert operand is
- specified.
-
- Describe causes BINHEX to display information about the input file, including
- the full Macintosh filename, the type, creator, flags values, and the
- sizes of the data and resource forks. See the "Responses" section
- below for examples of the information which is displayed.
-
- COnvert causes BINHEX to convert the input file from BinHex to MacBinary
- format or vice-versa. The resulting file has the same filename as
- the input file, and a filetype of either BIN (for MacBinary format)
- or HQX (for BinHex format). The file is written to the same disk as
- the input file, unless the "To" option has been specified.
-
- fn specifies the filename of the input file.
-
- ft specifies the filetype of the input file. When "ft" is omitted or
- specified as "*", all filetypes will be searched to find a match for
- "fn".
-
- fm specifies the filemode of the input file. When "fm" is omitted or
- specified as "*", all accessed disks will be searched for a file
- matching "fn" and "ft".
-
- OPTIONS
-
- To fm specifies the disk to which the output file will be written when the
- "COnvert" operand is specified. When "To" is omitted, the output
- file is written to the same disk as the input file.
-
- Rate cps specifies a file transfer rate in characters per second. When a rate
- is specified, the information displayed by the "Describe" function
- will include an estimate of the time required to download the file.
-
- Stack cause the output from the "Describe" function to be stacked in FIFO
- order. "Fifo" is a synonym for "Stack".
-
- Lifo causes the output from the "Describe" function to be stacked in LIFO
- order.
-
- Fifo cause the output from the "Describe" function to be stacked in FIFO
- order. "Stack" is a synonym for "Fifo".
-
- STEm stm causes the output from the "Describe" function to be stored directly
- into REXX or EXEC2 variables. "stm" is the name of the stem for
- these variables, i.e. the characters preceding a period in their
- names. Only the first eight characters of "stm" are significant.
- The following variables are defined:
-
- stm.FN CMS filename
- stm.FT CMS filetype
- stm.FM CMS filemode
- stm.FORMAT BinHex or MacBinary
- stm.NAME Mac filename
- stm.TYPE Mac type
- stm.CREATOR Mac creator
- stm.FLAGS Mac flags
- stm.DATASIZE Mac data fork size
- stm.RESCSIZE Mac resource fork size
- stm.CRDATE Mac creation date
- stm.MDDATE Mac last modified date
- stm.CHARCNT Total character count
- stm.TIMEEST Download time estimate
-
- The creation and last modified dates are not defined for BinHex
- format files, which do not include them. The time estimate is
- defined only when the Rate option has been specified.
-
- USING THE BINHEX COMMAND
-
- The BINHEX command allows Macintosh users to obtain information about files
- stored in CMS which would ordinarily not be available until the files had been
- downloaded to a Macintosh. The Check function verifies that a file will be
- accepted by BinHex on the Macintosh, and the Describe function provides
- detailed information about a file. With this information, a Macintosh user can
- often avoid spending time downloading unwanted files or files which contain
- errors. The COnvert function provides conversion between the two file formats
- BINHEX accepts: BinHex format and MacBinary format. Conversion is useful
- because each of these formats offers advantages for storing Macintosh programs.
-
- BinHex format is used by BinHex 4.0 on the Macintosh. It consists of a header,
- the data fork, and the resource fork of a Macintosh file, compressed and
- converted to printable characters. Converting a file from binary to printable
- characters increases its size (in spite of the inclusion of file compression).
- However, since they contain only printable characters, BinHex files can be
- included in electronic mail, and can be uploaded and downloaded in nearly any
- environment. In CMS, BinHex files usually are given filetypes containing
- "HQX", and may have fixed or variable-length records. The files usually begin
- with the line
-
- (This file must be converted with BinHex 4.0)
-
- MacBinary format is used by BinHex 5.0 and MacTerminal on the Macintosh. It is
- similar to BinHex format, but retains the file contents in binary form instead
- of converting to printable characters. It also includes the dates the
- Macintosh file was created and last modified, and some extra flag bits.
- MacBinary is the most compact format for storing a Macintosh file. However,
- because MacBinary files retain binary data, they can be uploaded and downloaded
- only by programs which use an 8-bit data path. Usually, such a path is not
- available for VM/CMS systems. Programs such as Kermit can simulate an 8-bit
- path using printable characters, but only at the expense of a much longer
- transfer time. MacBinary files in CMS usually are given filetypes containing
- "BIN". They consist of fixed-length 128-byte records.
-
- USAGE NOTES
-
- 1) Although the filetype of the input file will usually indicate which format
- it is in, BINHEX determines the file's format by examining its
- characteristics. If the file has fixed-length 128-byte records, BINHEX
- assumes MacBinary format. Otherwise, BINHEX assumes BinHex format.
-
- 2) The data in a BinHex format file begins with a line containing a colon in
- column one, and ends with a line having a colon as the last character.
- CMS BINHEX skips any other lines in the file. However, BinHex on the
- Macintosh only skips the comment line "(This file must be converted with
- BinHex 4.0)". Thus, even when the Check function reports no errors, it
- may still be necessary to delete extraneous lines from the BinHex file
- before BinHex on the Macintosh will accept the file.
-
- 3) BinHex format files do not contain all the information included in
- MacBinary files. In particular, the creation and last modified dates, and
- some flag bits are not stored. As a result, this information is lost when
- the COnvert function is used to convert from MacBinary to BinHex format.
-
- 4) BINHEX cannot detect if the input file is not in either MacBinary or
- BinHex format. In this case, BINHEX will usually assume the file is in
- BinHex format, and give an "unexpected end-of-file" message when it fails
- to find the first line of BinHex data.
-
- 5) For a BinHex file, the maximum line length BINHEX can process is 256.
-
- RESPONSES
-
- 'fn ft fm': No errors detected.
-
- This is the normal response from the Check function. This response
- is omitted when BINHEX is called from a CMS command, or from an exec
- file with "address COMMAND" in effect.
-
- File: 'STARS16 HQX T1' Format: BinHex
- Filename: 'Stars 1.6'
- Type: 'DFIL' Creator: 'DMOV' Flags: none
- Data fork size: 0; Resource fork size: 6,054
- Character count: 10,140.
-
- This is the response from the Describe function for a BinHex file
- when the Rate option is not used. This is the shortest possible
- description.
-
- File: 'TERM412 BIN M1' Format: MacBinary
- Filename: 'Term 4.12'
- Type: 'APPL' Creator: 'TRMA' Flags: Bndl+Init
- Data fork size: 0; Resource fork size: 52,947
- Created: Thu, May 28, 1987 2:01:25 AM
- Last Modified: Thu, May 28, 1987 2:02:04 AM
- Character count: 53,120 (4 minutes, 55 seconds at 180 cps).
-
- This is the response from the Describe function for a MacBinary file
- when the Rate option is used. This is the longest possible
- description.
-
- OTHER MESSAGES AND RETURN CODES
-
- DMSBIN631E 'STEM' option is only available from an EXEC2 or REXX exec.
- RC=4
- DMSBIN001E Error in command after 'token'. RC=24
- DMSBIN002I Issue BINHEX ? or HELP CMS BINHEX for more information.
- DMSBIN003E Invalid option 'xxxxxxxx'. RC=24
- DMSBIN010E Invalid rate 'xxxxxxxx'. RC=24
- DMSBIN048E Invalid mode 'xxxxxxxx'. RC=24
- DMSBIN637E Missing value for the 'STEM' option. RC=24
- DMSBIN002E File 'fn ft fm' not found. RC=28
- DMSBIN024E File 'fn ft fm' already exists. RC=28
- DMSBIN044E Record length exceeds allowable maximum. RC=32
- DMSBIN005E Invalid character 'x' in 'fn ft fm' at line mmmmmm position
- nnn. RC=36
- DMSBIN006E Unexpected end-of-file reading 'fn ft fm'. RC=36
- DMSBIN037E Disk 'mode' is read-only. RC=36
- DMSBIN069E Disk 'mode' not accessed. RC=36
- DMSBIN007E 'fn ft fm': CRC error for BinHex header. RC=44
- DMSBIN008E 'fn ft fm': CRC error for BinHex data fork. RC=44
- DMSBIN009E 'fn ft fm': CRC error for BinHex resource fork. RC=44
- DMSBIN104S Error 'nn' reading file 'fn ft fm' from disk. RC=1nn
- DMSBIN105S Error 'nn' writing file 'fn ft fm' on disk. RC=1nn
- DMSBIN632E Error setting EXEC variable: RC=nnnnn from 'EXECCOMM'. RC=200
-
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